Ko-Imari

From Global Knowledge Compendium of Traditional Crafts and Artisanal Techniques
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Ko-Imari

Nosaukums “Ko-Imari” (burtiski “vecais Imari”) attiecas uz agrāko un ikoniskāko japāņu Imari trauku stilu, kas galvenokārt tika ražots 17. gadsimtā. Šie porcelāni tika izgatavoti Aritā un eksportēti no netālu esošās Imari ostas, kas deva traukiem to nosaukumu. Ko-Imari ir īpaši ievērojams ar savu dinamisko dekoratīvo stilu un vēsturisko nozīmi agrīnajā pasaules porcelāna tirdzniecībā.

Vēsturiskais fons

Ko-Imari keramika parādījās agrīnajā Edo periodā, ap 17. gadsimta 40. gadiem, pēc porcelāna māla atklāšanas Aritas reģionā. Sākotnēji ietekmējoties no ķīniešu zili baltā porcelāna, vietējie japāņu podnieki sāka attīstīt savu stilistisko identitāti. Tā kā Ķīnas porcelāna eksports samazinājās Minu dinastijas krišanas dēļ, japāņu porcelāns sāka aizpildīt robu starptautiskajos tirgos, īpaši pateicoties tirdzniecībai ar Nīderlandes Austrumindijas kompāniju.

Galvenās funkcijas

Ko-Imari raksturīgās īpašības ir šādas:

  • Bold and colorful designs, typically combining cobalt blue underglaze with overglaze enamels in red, green, and gold.
  • Dense and symmetrical decoration covering nearly the entire surface, often described as richly ornate or even opulent.
  • Motifs such as chrysanthemums, peonies, phoenixes, dragons, and stylized waves or clouds.
  • Thick porcelain body compared to later, more refined pieces.

Ko-Imari ware was not intended solely for domestic use. Many pieces were tailored to suit European tastes, which included large plates, vases, and garnitures for display.

Export and European Reception

Ko-Imari ware was exported in large quantities throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries. It became a fashionable luxury item among European elites. In palaces and aristocratic homes across Europe, Ko-Imari porcelain adorned mantelpieces, cabinets, and tables. European porcelain manufacturers, particularly in Meissen and Chantilly, began producing their own versions inspired by Ko-Imari designs.

Evolution and Transition

By the early 18th century, the style of Imari ware began to evolve. Japanese potters developed more refined techniques, and new styles such as Nabeshima ware emerged, focusing on elegance and restraint. The term Ko-Imari is now used to specifically distinguish these early exported works from later domestic or revival pieces.

Legacy

Ko-Imari remains highly valued by collectors and museums worldwide. It is considered a symbol of Japan’s early contribution to global ceramics and a masterwork of Edo-period craftsmanship. The vivid designs and technical achievements of Ko-Imari continue to inspire both traditional and contemporary Japanese ceramic artists.

Relationship to Imari Ware

While all Ko-Imari ware is part of the broader category of Imari ware, not all Imari ware is considered Ko-Imari. The distinction lies primarily in the age, style, and purpose. Ko-Imari specifically refers to the earliest period, characterized by its dynamic energy, export orientation, and richly decorated surfaces.