Ko-Imari
Ko-Imari
Ko-Imari (literalmente 'Antiguo Imari') se refiere al estilo más antiguo y emblemático de la porcelana japonesa Imari, producida principalmente durante el siglo XVII. Estas porcelanas se fabricaban en la ciudad de Arita y se exportaban desde el cercano puerto de Imari, de donde proviene su nombre. Ko-Imari es especialmente notable por su dinámico estilo decorativo y su importancia histórica en el comercio internacional de porcelana en sus inicios.
Antecedentes históricos
La cerámica Ko-Imari surgió a principios del periodo Edo, alrededor de la década de 1640, tras el descubrimiento de arcilla de porcelana en la región de Arita. Influenciados inicialmente por la porcelana azul y blanca china, los alfareros japoneses locales comenzaron a desarrollar su propia identidad estilística. Ante el declive de las exportaciones de porcelana china debido a la caída de la dinastía Ming, la porcelana japonesa comenzó a ocupar un lugar destacado en los mercados internacionales, en particular a través del comercio con la Compañía Holandesa de las Indias Orientales.
Key Features
The distinctive qualities of Ko-Imari include:
- Bold and colorful designs, typically combining cobalt blue underglaze with overglaze enamels in red, green, and gold.
- Dense and symmetrical decoration covering nearly the entire surface, often described as richly ornate or even opulent.
- Motifs such as chrysanthemums, peonies, phoenixes, dragons, and stylized waves or clouds.
- Thick porcelain body compared to later, more refined pieces.
Ko-Imari ware was not intended solely for domestic use. Many pieces were tailored to suit European tastes, which included large plates, vases, and garnitures for display.
Export and European Reception
Ko-Imari ware was exported in large quantities throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries. It became a fashionable luxury item among European elites. In palaces and aristocratic homes across Europe, Ko-Imari porcelain adorned mantelpieces, cabinets, and tables. European porcelain manufacturers, particularly in Meissen and Chantilly, began producing their own versions inspired by Ko-Imari designs.
Evolution and Transition
By the early 18th century, the style of Imari ware began to evolve. Japanese potters developed more refined techniques, and new styles such as Nabeshima ware emerged, focusing on elegance and restraint. The term Ko-Imari is now used to specifically distinguish these early exported works from later domestic or revival pieces.
Legacy
Ko-Imari remains highly valued by collectors and museums worldwide. It is considered a symbol of Japan’s early contribution to global ceramics and a masterwork of Edo-period craftsmanship. The vivid designs and technical achievements of Ko-Imari continue to inspire both traditional and contemporary Japanese ceramic artists.
Relationship to Imari Ware
While all Ko-Imari ware is part of the broader category of Imari ware, not all Imari ware is considered Ko-Imari. The distinction lies primarily in the age, style, and purpose. Ko-Imari specifically refers to the earliest period, characterized by its dynamic energy, export orientation, and richly decorated surfaces.