Imari Ware

From Global Knowledge Compendium of Traditional Crafts and Artisanal Techniques
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Imari ware' nau'in sinadari ne na Jafananci da aka saba samarwa a garin Arita, a yankin Saga na yanzu, a tsibirin Kyushu. Duk da sunansa, ba a yin Imari ware a cikin Imari kanta. An fitar da kwandon ne daga tashar jiragen ruwa da ke kusa da Imari, don haka sunan da aka fi sani da shi a Yamma. Kayan ya shahara musamman saboda adon enamel mai haske da mahimmancinsa na tarihi a kasuwancin duniya a lokacin Edo.

Tarihi

An fara samar da kayan kwalliya a yankin Arita a farkon karni na 17 bayan gano kaolin, wani muhimmin sinadari a cikin anta, a yankin. Wannan alama ce ta haihuwar masana'antar sinadarai ta Japan. Dabarun sun fara tasiri daga tukwane na Koriya da aka kawo Japan a lokacin yakin Imjin. An fara yin silin ɗin ne cikin salo da shuɗi-da-fari na China suka yi tasiri amma cikin sauri ya ƙera nasa kayan ado na musamman.

A cikin shekarun 1640, lokacin da fitar da tantan kasar Sin zuwa ketare ya ragu saboda rashin zaman lafiya a kasar Sin, masana'antun Japan sun shiga don cike bukatu, musamman a Turai. Waɗannan abubuwan da aka fara fitarwa a yau ana kiran su farkon Imari.

Halaye

An bambanta Imari ware ta abubuwa masu zuwa:

  • Amfani da launuka masu kyau, musamman cobalt blue underglaze hade da ja, zinare, kore, da kuma wani lokacin baki overglaze enamels.
  • Tsare-tsare masu banƙyama da ƙima, galibi sun haɗa da ƙirar fure, tsuntsaye, dodanni, da alamomi masu kyau.
  • Maɗaukaki mai sheki da ɗanɗano mai laushi.
  • Ado sau da yawa yana rufe saman gabaɗaya, yana barin ɗan sarari mara komai - alamar abin da ake kira salon Kinrande (salon gwal-brocade).

Fitarwa da Tasirin Duniya

A ƙarshen karni na 17, Imari ware ya zama kayan alatu a Turai. Sarauta da masu fada aji ne suka tattara shi kuma masana'antun turawa irin su Meissen a Jamus da Chantilly a Faransa suka kwaikwayi shi. ’Yan kasuwan Holland sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gabatar da kayayyakin Imari zuwa kasuwannin Turai ta hannun Kamfanin Yaren mutanen Holland Gabashin Indiya.

Salo da Nau'i

Yawancin ƙananan salo na Imari ware sun haɓaka akan lokaci. Manyan rukunai guda biyu sune:

  • Ko-Imari (Tsohon Imari): Asalin fitar da kayayyaki na ƙarni na 17 da ke da ƙira mai ƙarfi da amfani da ja da zinariya.
  • Nabeshima Ware': Tataccen bishiyar da aka yi don keɓantaccen amfani na dangin Nabeshima. Yana fasalta ƙarin tsare-tsare masu ƙayatarwa, sau da yawa tare da sarari fanko da aka bari da gangan.

Ragewa da Farfaɗowa

Haɓaka da fitar da kayayyakin Imari sun ragu a ƙarni na 18, yayin da aka dawo da samar da landon ƙasar Sin, sannan aka haɓaka masana'antar tantan Turai. Koyaya, salon ya kasance mai tasiri a kasuwannin cikin gida na Japan.

A cikin karni na 19, Imari ware ya ga farfaɗo saboda karuwar sha'awar Yammacin Turai a lokacin Meiji. Ma'aikatan tukwane na Japan sun fara baje koli a baje koli na kasa da kasa, suna sabunta jin dadin duniya game da fasaharsu.

Zamani Imari Ware

Masu sana'a na zamani a yankunan Arita da Imari suna ci gaba da samar da faranti a cikin salo na gargajiya da kuma sabbin fasahohin zamani. Waɗannan ayyukan suna kiyaye ƙa'idodi masu inganci da fasaha waɗanda suka ayyana Imari ware na ƙarni. Gadon Imari ware kuma yana rayuwa a cikin gidajen tarihi da tarin masu zaman kansu a duk duniya.

Kammalawa

Imari ware yana misalta hadewar kayan kwalliyar Jafananci tare da tasiri da buƙatu na ƙasashen waje. Mahimmancinsa na tarihi, ƙayyadaddun kyawunsa, da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sana'a sun sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'adun sinadarai na Japan.