Bizen Ware

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Bizen ware vessel, unglazed stoneware with natural ash glaze and fire marks. A product of anagama kiln firing, reflecting the rustic aesthetics of Okayama Prefecture’s ceramic tradition.

Bizen ware (備前焼, Bizen-yaki) nau'in tukwane ne na gargajiya na Japan wanda ya samo asali daga lardin Bizen , a halin yanzu Okayama Prefecture . Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan tukwane a Japan, wanda aka sani da bambancin launin ja-launin ruwan kasa, rashin kyalli, da na ƙasa, kayan laushi.

Bizen ware yana riƙe da sunan wani Muhimman Abubuwan Al'adun Al'adu na Japan, kuma ana gane kilns Bizen a cikin tsoffin Kilns shida na Japan (日本六古窯, Nihon Rokkoyō).

Dubawa

Bizen ware yana da alaƙa da:

  • Amfani da yumbu mai inganci daga yankin Imbe
  • Harba ba tare da glaze ba (wani dabara da aka sani da yakishime)
  • Doguwa, jinkirin harbin itace a cikin anagama na gargajiya ko kiln noborigama
  • Samfuran dabi'a waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar wuta, toka, da sanyawa a cikin kiln

Kowane yanki na Bizen ware ana ɗaukarsa na musamman, saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙaya na ƙarshe an ƙaddara ta tasirin kiln na halitta maimakon amfani da kayan ado.

Tarihi

Asalin

Asalin Bizen ware ya samo asali ne zuwa aƙalla lokacin Heian (794-1185), tare da tushen su a cikin Sue ware, wani nau'i na farko na kayan aikin dutse da ba a taɓa gani ba. A lokacin Kamakura (1185-1333), Bizen ware ya ɓullo da wani salo na musamman tare da kayan amfani masu ƙarfi.

Taimakon Ta'addanci

A lokacin Muromachi (1336-1573)'Edo (1603-1868)' (1336-1573) da Edo (1603-1868) Bizen ware ya bunkasa a karkashin kulawar dangin Ikeda da daimyo na gida. An yi amfani da shi sosai don bukukuwan shayi, kayan dafa abinci, da dalilai na addini.

Ragewa da Farfaɗo

Lokacin Meiji (1868-1912) ya kawo masana'antu da raguwar buƙata. Koyaya, Bizen ware ya sami farfaɗo a cikin ƙarni na 20 ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ƙwararrun masanan tukwane irin su Kaneshige Tōyō, wanda daga baya aka sanya shi a matsayin Rayuwa ta ƙasa.

Laka da Kayayyaki

Bizen ware yana amfani da ' yumbu mai babban ƙarfe (hiyose) wanda aka samo a cikin gida a cikin Bizen da kuma yankunan kusa. Laka shine:

  • Shekaru da yawa don haɓaka filastik da ƙarfi
  • Malleable amma mai dorewa bayan harbe-harbe
  • Mai saurin amsawa ga toka da harshen wuta, yana ba da tasirin kayan ado na halitta

Dabarun Kilo da Harba

Killin Gargajiya =

Bizen ware yawanci ana harba shi a:

  • Anagama kilns': ɗaki ɗaya, kiln mai sifar rami da aka gina cikin gangara.
  • Noborigama kilns : ɗakuna da yawa, manyan kiln ɗin da aka shirya a gefen tsauni

Tsarin Harba

  • Harba itace yana ɗaukar kwanaki 10-14 ci gaba
  • Zazzabi ya kai 1,300°C (2,370°F)
  • Toka daga itacen pine yana narkewa kuma yana fuse tare da saman
  • Ba a shafa mai; Ana samun gamawar ƙasa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tasirin kiln

Halayen Kyau

Bayyanar ƙarshe na Bizen ware ya dogara da:

  • Matsayi a cikin kiln (gaba, gefe, binne a cikin fashewa)
  • Tushen ash da kuma kwararar wuta
  • Nau'in itacen da ake amfani dashi (yawanci Pine)

Samfuran Sama gama gari

Tsarin Bayani
'Goma (胡麻) Hatsi-kamar sesame da aka samu ta hanyar narkewar ash pine
Hidasuki (緋襷) Layukan ja-launin ruwan kasa da aka kirkira ta hanyar nade bambaro shinkafa a kusa da guntun
Botamochi (牡丹餅) Alamomin madauwari da aka haifar ta hanyar sanya ƙananan fayafai a saman don toshe toka
Yohen (窯変) Canjin launi da tasirin harshen wuta bazuwar

Forms da Amfani

Bizen ware ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan ayyuka da na biki:

Kayan Aiki

  • Gilashin ruwa (mizusashi)
  • Kayan shayi (chawan)
  • Ganyen furanni (hanaire)
  • Sake kwalabe da kofuna (tokkuri & guinomi)
  • Turmi da tulun ajiya

Amfani da fasaha da shagali

  • Tushen Bonsai
  • Ayyukan sassaka
  • Gishiri na Ikebana
  • Kayan bukin shayi

Muhimmancin Al'adu

  • Bizen ware yana da alaƙa da wabi-sabi aesthetics wanda ke darajar ajizanci da kyawun halitta.
  • Ya kasance abin fi so a tsakanin masu shayi, masu aikin ikebana, da masu tara yumbu.
  • Yawancin masu tukwane Bizen suna ci gaba da yin guntuwa ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin ƙarni da suka wuce cikin iyalai.

Sanannen Gidan Wuta

  • Kauyen Imbe (伊部町): Cibiyar gargajiya ta Bizen ware; yana gudanar da bukukuwan tukwane da gidaje da yawa na kilns na aiki.
  • Makarantar Tsohon Imbe (Bizen Pottery Traditional and Contemporary Art Museum)
  • Kiln of Kaneshige Toyō: An adana shi don dalilai na ilimi

Ayyukan Zamani

A yau Bizen ware ana yin su ne ta hanyar tukwane na gargajiya da na zamani. Yayin da wasu ke kula da tsoffin hanyoyin, wasu suna gwada tsari da aiki. Yankin yana karbar bakuncin Bizen Pottery Festival kowace kaka, yana jawo dubban baƙi da masu tarawa.

Sanannen Tukwane na Bizen

  • Kaneshige Toyō (1896-1967) - Rayayyun Taskar Kasa
  • Yamamoto Tozan
  • Fujiwara Kei - Har ila yau, an naɗa shi azaman Rayayyun Taskar Ƙasa
  • Kakurezaki Ryuichi - Mai ƙirƙira na zamani